Human–Machine Interface for Remote Crane Operation: A Review

Cranes are traditionally controlled by operators who present on-site. While this operation mode is still common nowadays, a significant amount of progress has been made to move away from their cranes, so that they would not be exposed hazardous situations may occur in workplace. Despite its apparent benefits, remote major challenge does exist on-site operation, i.e., the information could receive remotely more limited than what being Since and cranes located separately, human–machine interface plays an important role facilitating exchange between machines. This article examines various kinds interfaces for crane have proposed within scientific community, discusses possible highlights opportunities future research.